Two-cycle explosion-motor.



Patented Dee. M33,

'a SHHET-S-SHBH a.

' J. DHARVENG. Two-CYCLE EXPLUSIONMOTOR. APJLIQILTION TILBD APF.. l, 1911.

WIM

UNITED sriiriis PATENT'- orrioii.

JULES DYHARVENG, vor LIEGE, BELGIUM.

Two-CYCLE EXPLOSION-Moron.

Application led April 1, 1911. Serial No. (518,415.V

T0 all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JULES DI-IARVENG, a

.subject of the Kingdom of Belgium, resid-A ing in LiegeBelgiuin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Two-Cycle .Exjilosion-Motors; and I do hereby-declare 4 'the' following to .be a full, clear, 'and exactj description ofthe invention, suchas will marked therein,l which forma .part of this.

eiiable others skilled in the .art to which' it appertains to make and use the same; reference beingl had to the accompanyingdraw: ings, and-.to letters or figures of reference specification. 'j

The present 4invention -lias for its object anv injector for liquid4 fuel forl explosion -motors in which the liquid fuel is introduced into lthe working cylinder by injection into the combustion air in proximity 'te-the inlet to the working cylinder, this injection being regulated insueh a manner. that dii-ring the period of admissioncounting from-the coniinencem'ent of .the injection of the' fuel', the

supply of combustion air and the supply of liquid fuel are in fixed proportion .under all conditions of ruiming.

By means 'of this device an explosive mix- -ture'is introduced' which is nearly' in condii 'tionfor use at the' inlet to the cylinder, and

the mixture has only o be completed in the working cylinder, which itself constitutes the mixing 'chamber of the carbure'ter.

. In order to obtain this result iii-accordance with this invention the property presented by resilient diaphragms or disks, of generating 'in their resilient deformation a vo'lume proportionate tothe specific pressure 'that they experience, is utilized.

The accompanying drawings represent the various elements of this injector and its application to a two-cycle motor. u'

Figure l is a section of a, two-cycle, single l cylinder motor with two reservoirs, showing` -an application of the injector. Fig. 2 is a diagram corresponding to the application illustrated in Fig. 1, of the pressures in, the charging reservoir landl upon the driving face (dry) of the resilient disk of the pulsacylinder-motor with one reservoir per cylinder', only, :showing Lanother application of the injector. Fig. 4:- is a'section ot a resilient ldisk pulsator (on the line A'-B in Fig. 5)

which pulsator together with the jet or "jets that it supplies, constitutes the injector. Fig. 5 is'a section of the pulsator on the lines -C D E F -in Fig/4. Fig. 6 is a diagram (corresponding to the application shown in Fig. 3) of the pres sures in .the reservoir of one ot the cylinders and upon' the driving -f'a'ce' (dry) `of the'disk of thecoriesponding pulsator. Fig. 7 lis a similar diagram in the case in which Vthe motor'in Fig. 3 is provided with a separate scavenging air reservoir' (as in the case illustrated in Fig. 1).

. This injector consists essentially-f1. Of a resilient .disk pulsator (Figs. 4 and 5) one' of the faces oi which (the wet face) in contact with the liquid fuel contained inthe Vchamber Q8 communicates with -tlie s uction pipe 20 and delivery pipe 24 for the fuel, each of which is provided with its own valve,

of "any suitable construction, for example the non-return valves 2l and 23 respectively, while the other face (the dry face) is subjected to a substantially constant pressure ofA any desired value, by suitable means, during the entire period of injection. 2. Ot' one or more jets connected with the delivery pipe of the pulsator. The' jet is arranged in proximity to the inletto the workingcy-linder and is directed in such a manner that the stream of liquid is discharged through the'oritice toward the cylinder.

As lindicated in the accompanying draw- Specifica'ton of Letters Patent. Patented Dele. 16, 191.3.

ing a single pulsator can supply several jetsA but this arrangement can 'only be adopted for motors which run at a relatively low speed.

For high speed motors land motors for mentes to the inclination' o'f the -machine duringlocomotion or. by the action of the scavenging air'in the case of two-cycle motors with a singlereservoir or for any other reason.

The 'application of theinjector to twocycle motors'is effected as follows: The dry lface of the disk of the pulsator is subjected -duringthe operation of the jet to a pressure which is substantially constant and 4at least .equal-to' the instantaneous pressure prevailing in the charging reservior at the commencement of the .introduction of the `combustion air. and the point of the jet is located in the cliargin reservoir in proximlty to the orifice` nthis mannerV that Vwhich producesl the injection is the drop in pressure in the Teservoirandas the falls of pressure in the reservoir are proportionate to. thequantities of 'air discharged therefrom through the orifices and'as the volumes of fuel supplied by the' disk of the pulsator vary `with the fall in pressurey counting from the time the fuel injection commences it follows that, neglecting the quantity of air which has entered the cylinder Awhen the fuel .injection commences, the quantity of airv and' fuel afterward admitted will be in rixed proportion. In order to obtain this result, it is therefore only necessary that the constant pressure applied to the dry face of the 'disk shallbalance the'pressure prelvailing -in the reservoir when the latter contains only combustion air'this pressure befl ingr assisted by all the static'charges aprV plied to the injection conduit such as the pressure of the delivery valve, thehprcssure due to the difference of level between the disk and the point of the jet and so forth.

If the motor comprises two reservoirs, one for the combustion air and one for the scavengingr air as in the embodiment ill-ustrated in Fig. l, which is taken by way of .example it is the pressure of the chargingV reservoir which together with the static resistances of the injection conduit that has to be balanced by the pressurel established Q theichamher 1.9 of the distributor are ohin the dry chamber of the pulsa-tor. v y

In Fig. 1,- the piston 1 carries a cylindrical extension 2 acting asa valve and Whose upper endslides between theffcylinder 3`and the re-entranthead 4. The chamber 5 between the head and cylinder in which the upper end ofthe valve 2 slides can be used as a lubricating chamber. The spark plugV 6 is located inthe head 4c.'A In the. dead Cnter position of crank shaft 27 as shown, the ports in the valve register with admission ports 1n the cylinder and the ports 7 inthe valve with the exhaust 'ports 9. Thef'ports 8 control ports 10 and 1 1 of -two' annula`r reservoirs 12 and 13 supplied'bycompressfed air by a suitable pum In `Fig.. 1,- .the pump piston is formed by theenlarged lower end of the piston l1. The airis drawn through valve let intothe pump chamber l5v and is forced through valve 16 into reservoir 12 and also. through valve 17 -into 'reservoir 13. The -jet'or jets 18 inject the fuel The motor operates in the followingmane, ner: The piston being at thetop of its stroke the various'ports are closed and a-mixtu're of air and fuel is compressed between the said" piston and the cylinder head; this *mixture is ignited bythe sparking plug' and the piston effects its working stroke. 'The said mixtureexpands until-ports 7 uncover the exhaust ports 9. Slightly afterward the lower edges of the ports 8 uncover the ports "114 of the reservoir 13 containing lair under pressure. This air rushes* intothe cylinder andscavenges it andan instant after the lower yedges of the portswS .uncover the portsv 10 of the reservoiry 12; `the combustion air `contained in'this reservoir `12 enters the cylinder 'with the fuel "supplied by the jet or jets.

The piston then rises and closes 'all the-ports that have 'pte'- vio'usly been Aopened andI compresses the explosive mixture. I

In order lto inject fuel into the current of air leaving the .reservoir 112 while the said reservoir -is in'comrnunication Wit'hthe. cylinder a dlstrlbuter '1s ut1l1zed,'F1gs. 1

and This dis'tributer comprises huela-s,- tic diaphragm 22.4one facejof which (the right hand face Fig.l 5) is displaced in a pressure chamber 19in' which at the" proper moment the necessary-` variations of." pressure are produced. This diaphragm actin-gas a pump` piston sucks the' liquid 'fuel supplied through 'the pipey 2O and the suction valve '21'by its other face (the left hand face) and forces it into the nozzle ornoz-l zles 1S through the delivery1 valve-23 [and a'pipe 24. The valve 23 is held seated by a spring whose tension is Iadjusted by screwBG and the diaphragm is limited in its movementin, the pressure chamber by stops 29. 4 i r The necessaryl variations of pressure in tained by placing this chamber 19. in communication at the proper moment either' withV the outer air through short pipe 3T, or with the air reservoir-13 by means of a pipe 25. For-*this purpose a distributing member 26 controlled by the driving shaft 2T is interposed on the pipe 25.

tion of the injectorto 'the the'xno'tor is a sin le reservoir motor as illustrated, in Fig. 3W ich is-givenbyway of example it is the pressure obtaining in the a reservoir afterthe departure of the'scayeng- .ing-air which along with the static. resist ances of the injection conduit has to'be bal -an'ced by.the pressure established 'in the' dry chainberof the. pulsator.

In Athe structure shownin Fig. 3, the pis' tons are 180. o apart sothat the reservoir 31H2V of the'right hand'cylinderl for examplel is completely charged atthe moment at which theoperation of the jets 18x of the lefthand cylinder should commencef VAand remains v.charged throughout. this yoperation so that there will be availableinA this right hand reservoir 31?'4 the correct constant pressure for operating I. the `left handjet or 'jets '18 during this admission. V-ltWill therefore be"- suiicient 1n order to producejthe distribution of the'fuel to connect .the chamber 19V of the left hand cylinder by means of a-pipe 33 with the reservoir 312v of the right'liand cyl inder, a'nd to connect the similar' chamber on the right hand side'bya like pipe 33 with the left 4hand chamber 31', 4the chamber 31 being'fully charged-When the. jets v182or the righthand cylinder come into action.-

The const-ant'pressure that has to be `applied tothe disk of the pulsatoi1 is obviously l necessary d'uririgtheinjection only; as it is necessary, after Athe operation ofthe jet,

that the dry chamber pressure of the pulsa` torshould be again broughtto atmospheric pressure or to the pressure obtaining in the- .reservoir after the charging of the cylinder to permit. a fresh quantity offuel to enter the pulsator.

It is obvious that .theconstant pressure to Vbe applied to the disk might be obtained by a special auxiliary pump but as lin the case of two-cycle motorswhere a charging pump is already utilized, the air compressed by this pump can be the pulsator and' this so muchthe more 'S0 vbecauseit is not 'necessary that the pressure applied to the dry face of. 'the disk should be greater than' the charging pressure of vthe reservoir.

- Taking by Way of example the applica- .tributerthe necessary pressures for pro-A ducing the operation of thelinjcctor as described can be produced in the dry chamber of the pulsator.- .These pressures are indicated in broken lines in the diagram Fig. 2,

employed for operatingV motor shown in' while the curve in rm re resents the pressurein the reseryoir vl21tl'1i .l ischarged at the same pressure ast-he reservoir 13.

- The introduction of the mixture intov the cylinder Eis effected from e to a and I'the diagram-shows theoretically the corrie.

spending f all of pressure in the reservoirz 'Prior to this tall of pressure from dto g, however, the dry chamber of the pulsator 'has beenl placed by the distributer 26 and the conduits '30 and 25in communication with the charging reservoir. .At d it has been. closed and it is' the small chargethus im'- prisoned from UZ to a that has maintained the requisite pressure upon the dry face of the' disk during the injection. Then at a the dist-vA tributer has placed the'dry chamber 19 of the` pulsator in communication with, the ,atmosphere through the .pipes 25 and orifice. 3T. The dry chamber is closed .by the dis tributer 26 from Dto aand finally at coinlnunication is again established with tl'e reservoir and so on in succession.- Intliis' arrangement as the pressure in lthe dry ycham- ,isting inthe charging reservoir at thecommencement ofthe introduction of the com-- bustionair it is-obvious that all the static losses of charge, intervening in the delivery ber of the'disk is equal to the pressure exconduit ofthe pulsator'and'the jet must be reduced to the mostfatcrable values. It should also be noted that owingto the slight displacement ofthe resilient disk and to the relatively considerable dimensions of Athe reservoir. 19 the expansion curve c a (Fig. 9.) is in practice .substantially a parallel with the axis of the abscisse vand that practically it maybe taken that the pressure in the chamber 19 is constant uring the injection.

lnFig. 1, in order t render the drawing clearer the condults 9.11, 'Q5 and 30 have purposely been shown of exaggerated length. ln reality they arevery short or 'even of no length. The distributor QG and its operating means have been drawn solely with a View to ready comprehensi't'm.l y

The arrangement' described aboyeis al 4-plicable to all two-cycle 4motors butu'hen the motor col'nprises a. plurality of cylinders the arrangement can bestill further simplified because if the cranks of the driving pistons of two cylinders are set at suitable angles we obtain in the reservoir of one of thel cylinders for thebenciit of the other the succession o-t pressuresthat were obtained above by the employment of the'distributer 2G. For this reason the cranks" should be keyed at such an angle (Fig. 3) thatthc reservoir 312 of the right hamlk-.ylindor for example is which the admission tothe left hand cylinder should commence' and remain charged during the whole of this admissionf'lt is then only necessary to connect the dry chamfully charged at the n-ioment atA l'ber of the pulsator withthe charging reseris under consideration.

tat an angle of '1800.

j g m 7c l is the line of fall of pressure, in the' course of the fuel admission, in the reservoir of the cylinder foibe supplied with fuel, that f /is 'vl is the line of pressures during the same period of time 1n the reservoir or the twin cylinder and consequcntli in the dry chamber of the.

pulsator.

At any period of the admission determined' for example by the line c la the ordi` nate is .33 reprcsentsthe Vtotal static pressure due to the staticresistances of the delivery column resulting* mainly' fr'om the tension of the springof the delivery valve. lc s" represents the value of the loss of minimum.

pressure due to thedynamic.resist-ances of the delivery column inertia and friction. It is this value that should be reduced to the Finally a" 7.1;. is. theportion of 'the pressure balanced by the resilient ten-- sion .of the deformedjdis'k which has injected -the corresponding volume of fuel.

The injection therefore commences at mafter the admission of the scavenging air that has caused the fall of pressure 1 le audit conl tinues Vto Z the ypoint of closing the orifices .-where the pressure ceases to decrease in the reservoir.

If the motor comprises two reservoir's .the introduction of the scavenging air is independent of that ofthe mixing air and the succession of the vpressures takes` l placeas in Fic'. 7. '40

Here the value of the loss ofY static chargedue to the forcing` column P P is reduced to the minimum and in this manner the pressure P P corresponding to the utilizable maximum of the difference of pressure between P P and Pb P" is thus utilized for the resilient. deformation. of the disk and consequently for the injection.

It should be notedthat the two-cylinder motor with cranks set at an angle of 180 that has been taken by way of example presents a slight anomaly at the commencement of the introduction. This anomaly resides in the fact that, as shown inthe diagram (Fig. (3) the maximum motor pressure acting upon the dry .face of the' disk .is not yer quite reached at the point J which corre I sponds to the opening of the orifices but this anomaly is so. small that it need not be taken into consideration and .itwill 'thus be 'seen that the system is thoroughly--applicable to multi-cylinder motors, the cranks of which are'set at an angle of 130".

As previously stated 'with reference to Fig. l the pipes affecting the 4injector are sa i 1,081,492

merel y` shown diagrammatically for .the .sake

of clearness.

From what has been stated above it willv -l beunderstood that the operation of the Ai'n- 'jector if this injector and the motor are adaptedfor the maximum speed that the motor isable` to attain is dependent vdirectly and-- solely upon-the introduction ofthe air `no matter in accordance with what law this introduction takes-place. The operation of the injector is therefore independentsof the velocity of the engineithat` is to say, atall speeds the injector'will introduce the same quantity of fuel in accordance With the llaw of proportionality enuneiated.

lhe reduction of the motor couple and of the s1)eedis'ol tained "ierely by reducing the quantity of air admitted to the charging reservoir or reservolrs. Y

The essential advantades of the sistem applied to the two-cycle motors maybe summed up as follows: At eachmomentof the 1nt-roduct1on of the mixture, Whatever the conditions of running'may be, thefuel delivered is proportionate to the total weight of the combustion air introduced into. the cylinder',v (i. c., neglecting the quantity of airwhich' has entered the cylinder when the .fuel injection commences) in such a manner as to obtain an lexplosive mixture of constant composition.

the conditions in 4which it is placed.

Iam aware that 1t has previously been proposed, 1n mt'ernalcombustion engines, to

employ resilient disks actuated Iby the pres-- sure of the air to be supplied to the cylinder for feeding the liquid fuel, and I do-not claim their use per se.

i. The combination with an explosion engine having a-charging'reservoir; of a casing. an elastic diaphragm in the casing, a fuel inlet and a fueldischarge'in the casing on one side of the diaphragm, comimmicat-l ing'means between the casina' and reservoiron the other side of the diaphragm, and means to apply andrelease thepressure of 'said reservoir periodically on said other side of the diaphragm.

2. The combination with an explosion eneine having),` av charging reservoir; of a casi This advantage." results' fromthe resilientproperties of the disk and a casing, a diaphragmtheren, a va1ve-c0n--- In testimony that I claim the foregning trolled fuelunlet and valve-controlled fuel. as my invention, I have signed my name in outlet fol'- sad casing on one side of the presencey of two,subscrbingwitnesses;

diaphragm and means to' connect a casing of ULES DHARVENG 5 one cylinder on `the' other side of its da-` Vtnesses:

phragm with the reservoir 01E another yl- GEORQES'VANDERMAEYHEN,

nder. LEONARD LEVER. 

